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Pronunciation of major geographical Chinese names in Japanese


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Posted

Hello,

I made a list of major geographical Chinese names with Japanese writing and pronunciation. Writing matches in most cases (need to check which simplification went or usage of alternative characters and the usage of Katakana is some cases).

Names with alternative spellings (either in 漢字 (Kanji) or 片仮名 (Katakana)):

Macao 澳門 / マカオ both pronounced Makao

Harbin 哈爾濱/ハルビン both pronounced Harubin

Zhuang (ethnic group) 壮族 / チワン族 both pronounced Chiwang-zoku

Note that Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hong Kong are mostly written in Kanji exactly as in Chinese but their pronunciation doesn't follow Japanese rules (similar to Harbin). They are pronounced as Pekin, Shanhai, Nankin and Honkon.

Taipei has 2 versions - Taipei and Taihoku.

Alternative names with a different pronunciation - Chinese or English borrowings

Tibet:

1) 西蔵 Seizō (borrowed from Chinese but not phonetically)

2) チベット Chibetto (borrowed from English.

Mongolia (also part the Inner Mongolia name)

1. 蒙古 Mōko (borrowed from Chinese but not phonetically)

モンゴル Mongoru (borrowed from Mongolian "Mongol")

It's worth noting that Japanese specific characters can be used (e.g. 広東 - Guangdong)

Japanese transcription should not be read as Pinyin (especially R, CHI, SHI)! Macrons stand for a LONG vowel sound, not the 1st tone.

Complete list (Japanese pronunciation is mixed with Chinese:

(I haven't put the pronunciation of the abbreviations in Japanese, only in Chinese)

名称 中国語表記 (拼音) 略称 (拼音) 省都所在地

省 (Shō) - Shěng Provinces:

安徽省 (Anki) 安徽省 (Ānhuī Shěng) 皖 (Wǎn) 合肥市 (Gōhi / Gappi) - 合肥 Héféi

福建省 (Fukken) 福建省 (Fújiàn Shěng) 闽 (Mǐn) 福州市 (Fukushū) - 福州 ¹Fúzhōu

甘粛省 (Kanshuku) 甘肃[-肅]省 (Gānsù Shěng 甘/陇[隴] (Gān/Lǒng) 蘭州市 (Ranshū) - 兰州[蘭-] Lánzhōu

広東省 (Kanton) 广东[廣東]省 (Guǎngdōng Shěng) 粤 (Yuè) 広州市 (Kōshū) - 广州[廣-] Guǎngzhōu

貴州省 (Kishū) 贵州[貴-]省 (Guìzhōu Shěng) 黔/贵 (Qián/Guì) 貴陽市 (Kiyō) - 贵阳[貴陽] Guìyáng

海南省 (Kainan) 海南省 (Hǎinán Shěng) 琼 (Qióng) 海口市 (Kaikō) - 海口 Hǎikǒu

河北省 (Kahoki) 河北省 (Héběi Shěng) 冀 (Jì) 石家荘市 (Sekkasō) - 石家庄[--莊] Shíjiāzhuāng

黒竜江省 (Kokuryūkō) 黑龙江[-龍-]省 (Hēilóngjiāng Shěng) 黑 (Hēi) 哈爾濱/ハルビン (Harubin)市 - 哈尔滨[-爾濱] Hā'ěrbīn

河南省 (Kanan) 河南省 (Hénán Shěng) 豫 (Yù) 鄭州市 (Teishū) - 郑州[鄭-] Zhèngzhōu

湖北省 (Kohoku) 湖北省 (Húběi Shěng) 鄂 (È) 武漢市 (Bukan) - 武汉[-漢] Wǔhàn

湖南省 (Konan) 湖南省 (Húnán Shěng) 湘 (Xiāng) 長沙市 (Chōsa) - 长沙[長-] Chángshā

江蘇省 (Kōso) 江苏[-蘇]省 (Jiāngsū Shěng) 苏 (Sū) 南京市 (Nankin) - 南京 Nánjīng

江西省 (Kōsei) 江西省 (Jiāngxī Shěng) 赣 (Gàn) 南昌市 (Nanshō) - 南昌 Nánchāng

吉林省 (Kichirin) 吉林省 (Jílín Shěng) 吉 (Jí) 長春市 (Chōshun) - 长春[長-] Chángchūn

遼寧省 (Ryōnei) 辽宁[遼寧]省 (Liáoníng Shěng) 辽 (Liáo) 瀋陽市 (Shin'yō) - 沈阳[瀋陽] Shěnyáng

青海省 (Seikai) 青海省 (Qīnghǎi Shěng) 青 (Qīng) 西寧市 (Seinei) - 西宁[-寧] Xīníng

陝西省 (Sensei) 陕西[陝-]省 (Shǎnxī Shěng) 陕/秦 (Shǎn/Qín) 西安市 (Sei'an) - 西安 Xī'ān

山東省 (Santō) 山东[-東]省 (Shāndōng Shěng) 鲁 (Lǔ) 済南市 (Sainan) - 济南[濟-] Jǐnán

山西省 (Sansei) 山西省 (Shānxī Shěng) 晋 (Jìn) 太原市 (Taigen) - 太原 Tàiyuán

四川省 (Shisen) 四川省 (Sìchuān Shěng) 川/蜀 (Chuān/Shǔ) 成都市 (Seito) - 成都 Chéngdū

雲南省 (Unsen) 云南[雲-]省 (Yúnnán Shěng) 滇/云 (Diān/Yún) 昆明市 (Konmei) - 昆明 Kūnmíng

浙江省 (Sekkō) 浙江省 (Zhèjiāng Shěng) 浙 (Zhè) 杭州市 (Kōshū) - 杭州 Hángzhōu

...

台湾省 (Taiwan) 台湾[臺灣]省 (Táiwān Shěng) 台 (Tái) 台北市 (Taihoku / Taipei) - 台北[臺-] Táiběi

自治区 (Jichiku) - 自治区[--區] Zìzhìqū Autonomous Regions

広西チワン族自治区 (Kōsei Chiwan-zoku) 广西壮族自治区[廣-壯---區] (Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū) 桂 (Guì) 南寧市 (Nannei) - 南宁[-寧] Nánníng

内モンゴル自治区 (Uchi / Nai-Mongoru) 内蒙古自治区[內----區] (Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū) 内蒙古 (Nèi Měnggǔ) フフホト市 (Fufuhoto) - 呼和浩特 Hūhéhàotè

寧夏回族自治区 (Neika-Kai-zoku) 宁夏回族自治区[寧-----區] (Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū) 宁 (Níng) 銀川市 (Ginsen) - 银川[銀-] Yínchuān

新疆ウイグル自治区 (Xinkyō-Uiguru) 新疆维吾尔自治区[--維-爾--區] (Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ěr Zìzhìqū) 新 (Xīn) ウルムチ市 (Urumuchi) - 乌鲁木齐[烏魯-齊] Wūlǔmùqí

西蔵 / チベット自治区 (Seizō / Chibetto) 西藏自治区 (Xīzàng Zìzhìqū) 藏 (Zàng) ラサ市 (Rasa) - 拉萨[-薩] Lāsà

壮族, チワン族 (チワンぞく) Zhuang (Chinese ethnic minority group)

蒙古 (Mōko), モンゴル (Mongoru) Mongolia

直轄市 (Chokkatsushi) - 直辖市[-轄-] Zhíxiáshì Municipalities directly under the central government:

北京市 (Pekin) 北京市 (Běijīng Shì) 京 (Jīng) 東城区

重慶市 (Jūkei) 重庆[-慶]市 (Chóngqìng Shì) 渝 (Yú) 渝中区

上海市 (Shanhai) 上海市 (Shànghǎi Shì) 沪 (Hù) 黄浦区

天津市 (Tenshin) 天津市 (Tiānjīn Shì) 津 (Jīn) 和平区

特別行政区 (Tokubetsu Gyōseiku) Special Administrative Regions (Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū)

澳門/マカオ 澳门[-門]特別行政区 (Makao) (Àomén Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū) 澳 (Ào)

香港 (ほんこん) 香港特別行政区 (Honkon) (Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū) 港 (Gǎng)

Posted

I will post the reverse - how major geographical Japanese names are pronounced in Chinese (Mandarin).

What is interesting about both things? They are recognisable from European speakers point of view. We all know very well cities Fuzhou, Chongqing, Xi'an but the become Fukushū, Sei'an, Jūkei in Japan. Or we know Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which become Dongjing, Daban, Guangdao and Changqi in China!

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