How Should These Sentences Be Translated Into Chinese?

[anonymoose]

1) Nevertheless, up to now progress has been hampered by technological difficulties involved in tracking individuals with sufficiently high precision to resolve intra-group spatial relations in fast-moving animal collectives.

My version: 然而，迄今为止，在高速运动的动物群体中以能分辨群体内的空间关系够高精度地跟踪各个个体，受到技术限制的阻碍。

2) Outstanding questions include, whether, for example, all group members are ‘equal’, as most models assume for the sake of simplicity, or whether one or a small number of leaders are able to contribute with differential influence to the group’s movement decisions.

My version: 仍然有待解决的问题包括，比如，群体中的每个个体处在平等地位，就像大部分模型为简单起见而运行，还是一个或者少数个首领能到不同的成都影响群体的运动决定。

(I suspect that the use of 运行 in the 就像大部分模型为简单起见而运行 part is not suitable here, but I'm not sure what else to use.)

Any suggestions would be appreciated.

[xiaocai]

I will give the first one a go.

1) 但是，由于以足够的精度跟踪高速运动的动物群中的每个个体，并确定其群内空间关系在技术上面存在的困难，导致了目前进展受阻。

Sounds bad though. I believe that someone with more experience would come up with a better suggestion.

[semantic nuance]

Here's my try, not satisfactory though.

然而, 目前技術上存在的困難使得進展受阻. 這些技術上的困難包括以極其精密的工具追蹤個體, 進而解釋動物群體, 在快速飛行/移動中,內部群組所存在的空間關係.

I googled for the sentence you presented here and found it a Nature article on group dynamics in pigeon flocks. So I suggest that movement might be able to be translated as '飛行'.

I'll come back later when I'm available for the second sentence.

[semantic nuance]

2) Outstanding questions include, whether, for example, all group members are ‘equal’, as most models assume for the sake of simplicity, or whether one or a small number of leaders are able to contribute with differential influence to the group’s movement decisions.

Here's another try:

仍待解決的問題包括:例如, 群體的所有成員是否處於平等地位, 因為大部分模型都採取簡化的假定, 或者,是否會因為一位或少數領航員等不同的的影響而造就了群體飛行移動的結果.

[anonymoose]

Thanks for your help, both of you.

semantic nuance, could your second translation be rephrased as:

仍待解決的問題包括:例如, 群體的所有成員是否處於平等地位, 就像大部分模型都採取为簡化的假定, 或者,是否會因為一位或少數領航員等不同的的影響而造就了群體飛行移動的結果.

?

Also, are my own translations definitely incorrect, or is it just that they don't sound natural? (I mean, are there gramatical mistakes in them?)

[anonymoose]

By the way, just in case the original English sentences are not very clear, here I have rephrased them:

1) Nevertheless, so far progress has been slow because with current technology, it is difficult to track the positions of individuals within a fast-moving group of animals with enough precision to be able to resolve relative positions within the group.

2) Outstanding questions include, for example, whether or not all animals in a group are ‘equal’. In order to make the model simple, most models assume that all group members are equal. Or is it that one or a small number of animals within the group act to varying extents as leaders, influencing the way that the group decides to move.

[semantic nuance]

According to your paraphrase, I'll modify my earlier version:

1)然而, 目前技術上有困難,所以並無太多斬獲/進展. 困難就在於即使/就算/即便使用再精準的儀器追蹤個體,在快速飛行中,也很難界定其(單一個體)與動物群體內部在空間上的相互關係.

2)仍待解決的問題包括:例如, 群體的所有成員是否都一樣, 不分地位地飛行, 因為大部分模型都採取簡化的假定(假設個體角色都一樣的狀況下), 或者,是否會因為一位或少數領航員不同的的影響, 而左右了群體飛行移動的結果.

semantic nuance, could your second translation be rephrased as:

仍待解決的問題包括:例如, 群體的所有成員是否處於平等地位, 就像大部分模型都採取为簡化的假定, 或者,是否會因為一位或少數領航員等不同的的影響而造就了群體飛行移動的結果.

If you use 就像..., it is ok, too. But the meaning will be slightly different. To me, if using 就像...., it seems to find similarity /connection among most models which are based on simple assumption. Here I chose to translate it as '因為' due to 'outstanding questions'. They are not solved yet because the simple assumption may not consider a wide range of variables. Could you understand what I'm driving at?

Also, are my own translations definitely incorrect, or is it just that they don't sound natural? (I mean, are there gramatical mistakes in them?)

No, not entirely.

在高速运动的动物群体中以能分辨群体内的空间关系够高精度地跟踪各个个体

I cannot understand this Chinese translation. It seems there's a subject 個體 but you cannot know what the action of the subject does. It's incomplete. Also, 夠高精度地跟蹤 is to modify 個體 (in English version). I think it means to use sufficiently high precise equipment to track the movement of a single pigeon. So I translate it as 使用再精準的儀器追蹤個體

My version: 仍然有待解决的问题包括，比如，群体中的每个个体处在平等地位，就像大部分模型为简单起见而运行，还是一个或者少数个首领能到不同的成都影响群体的运动决定。

In its original English' date=' there're 2 'whether' in outstanding questions. Your translation omitting 是否....will make it sound like an indicative statement rather than a questioning statement it's supposed to be. As for 还是一个或者少数个首领能到不同的成都影响群体的运动决定。I think you want to type 程度 instead of 成都, but it does not change anything. 一個或少數領飛的鳥能否因著不同程度的影響而改變了/左右了群體飛行方向的結果. If the group's movement decisions were to translate as 群體的運動決定, it sounds unnatural. What does it mean in Chinese? That's why I chose to translate as what I presented above. I'm not saying my translation is perfect.

(I suspect that the use of 运行 in the 就像大部分模型为简单起见而运行 part is not suitable here, but I'm not sure what else to use.)

運行 is a bit strange. You may just use 就像大部分模型为简单起见(而設計). By the way, if you want to say to operate the model, you may use 跑模型.

Hope it helps!

[anonymoose]

semantic nuance 非常感谢你

[semantic nuance]

anonymoose, 不用客氣. I hope my explanations are clear to you.

[Kenny同志]

1)Nevertheless, up to now progress has been hampered by technological difficulties involved in tracking individuals with sufficiently high precision to resolve intra-group spatial relations in fast-moving animal collectives.

然迄今为止，在快速奔跑或飞行的动物群体中精确追踪个体以确定其在群体中的空间位置关系还有诸多技术困难，因此，进展缓慢。

2) Outstanding questions include, whether, for example, all group members are ‘equal’, as most models assume for the sake of simplicity, or whether one or a small number of leaders are able to contribute with differential influence to the group’s movement decisions.

有些问题仍待解决，比如，大多数模型为简单起见，假定群内各成员都平等，但是否真的是这样呢？又比如，在迁移的决策中，某个或一小群头领的影响大小是否相同？

[anonymoose]

kenny大师，非常感谢你帮助

[Kenny同志]

kenny大师，非常感谢你帮助

别叫我大师，我都不好意思了。