That pesky 以 and its multiple uses -

[Maijax]

Hey all, this is my first posting to the forum. I was hoping you could help me out with an explanation. I'm working through the Routledge Course in Business Chinese 求实商务汉语 and I came across this construction in the first reading. I'm posting the passage and then have a question: A股由大陆公司发行，供大陆机构，组织或个人以人民币认购和交易。B股是境外投资者向大陆公司投资而形成的股份，以人民币标明面值，以外币认购和交易。 

 

I get the gist of the sentences, but I'm curious as to the exact meaning of 以 in the above constructions. It seems like it's formal usage meaning 用。Or is there some 而。。。以 construction I've forgotten about. I have no idea and would love some help. 

 

 

Thanks, 

 

Maijax 

[Han_Fu]

Yes, in this case it just means to use.