What goes with what? 执行，实行，进行，实施，政策，计划等等

[艾墨本]

I'm getting these all confused and I'm not sure how to differentiate these synonyms. What object does each of them take on? Where is there overlap and where do they diverge?

 

Thank you

[Luxi]

实行，进行，实施 are different flavours of 'implement', 'carry out'. 实行，实施 seem to be used as synonyms, 实施 has more of an official / government undertone.  I see 进行 more often used in the sense of 'promote', 'advance'.

 

I don't remember seeing 政策 used as a verb, always as a noun meaning 'policy' 

 

计划 means 'to plan', also Noun: a plan or strategy. It can refer to official/government or individuals' plans.

 

I sometimes find answers to that type of question here:

https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/85253

 

or here:

http://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/1147/different-nuances-of-words-such-as-%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C-%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%BD-%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C-etc

 

If not, a Chinese search for the whole list of words, or pairs, usually comes up with several links to possible answers and examples of use - many are going in a Chinese to English direction but may also help. I use Google or Baidu for the search. 

 

(Edit: added a link)

[艾墨本]

Sorry, I don't think my questions was clear.

 

I'm wondering what word(s) get paired with what other words.

 

For example:

进行政策

进行计划

进行方案

etc.

 

This is where I am stumbling with them when I actually want to use them.

 

That said, thank you for the links. I'll try using them more for these types of questions. I usually just use Baidu and am able to get explanations on synonyms. The challenge is when they are synonyms because of how they get translated but not because they are synonyms in Chinese.

[eddyf]

Here's an excerpt from Guifan on Pleco:

“实行”指用行动来实现已有的设想, 对象多为预定的政策､方针､计划､方案等; “执行”指实施上级规定的任务, 对象多为带强制性的命令､指示､判决､法令等。

This was under the entry for 履行.

[calibre2001]

执行 - to administer/ carry out/ enforce

[艾墨本]

Thanks Eddy. That's what im looking for.

[Athena_zZ]

One thing I would say about 进行 is, it's a verb that comes after the plan, not the person. Like this:

工作进行得很顺利

The project proceeded smoothly.

工作进行得怎么样了？

How is the project going？

And something I think would help:

执行：执 means to carry, thus 执行 is to do as commanded.

实行：实means reality, thus 实行 is about taking actions, in contrast to simply planning.

进行：进 means to move forward, thus 进行 is about the ongoing process.

实施：施 means to give and grant, thus 实施 is something done by the authority.

[艾墨本]

Thank you Athena_zZ, that's extremely helpful.