Help with some words in 中国农民调查

[fenlan]

I sometimes go for pages with no problems, and then have many problems on some pages. Can someone help me with these queries on pages 1-3 of the introduction of A Survey of China's Peasants?

1. Page 1: 我们发现，原先存留在我们印象中的那一幅幅乡间风俗画，不过都是遥远而虚幻的田园牧歌，或者说，是过惯了都市浮躁生活的城里人对乡间的一种向往。According to the ABC dictionary, 浮躁 means “impetuous”. Is this a mistaken character? Should it be 浮燥 meaning “superficial and impetuous”? I think superficial would be a better word here, and I think the Chinese word may have been written wrong.

2. Page 2: 种子、化肥、灌溉机械种收以及这税那费: I couldn’t find 种收 as a word. Does it just mean “planting and harvesting fees” here?

3. 一旦患病，小病强忍，大病等死: I couldn’t find 强忍 as a word in a dictionary. I suppose it means “put up with it”?

4. 这个乡的乡长又是个敲骨吸髓的贫官: I couldn’t find 贫官 and don’t think it means “poor official”. Does it mean “petty official”?

5. 我们在惊讶于贫赃枉法者已是无处不在的同时，更令人窒息般地感到话题地沉重: does anyone know what 贫赃 means? Also, I couldn’t understand what “更令人窒息般地” meant.

6. 我们竟发现，属于《天堂》杭州市地淳安县…其实也富裕不到哪里去: 富裕不到哪里去 – I couldn’t understand this.

7. Page 3: 问题凸现出来: I couldn’t find 凸现 in a dictionary. Does it mean “crop up”?

8. 今日中国之巨大变化，盖得益于二十多年前那场举世瞩目的大变革: 盖得益于 is hard to understand.

[roddy]

Lets have a shot . . .

1) 浮躁 is also given as restless. I think that makes sense - the hurried city life, in opposition to the calm of the countryside.

2) +3) I agree with what you've got

4) Not sure about this one. 贫 can also mean inadequate, deficent, but 'poor' seems the most likely interpretation, although I find it hard to fit that in with the context.

5) 贫赃 I'm not sure about. The second part would translate something like 'The seriousness of the problem left us unable to breath'. The 窒息般地 is along the lines 'like stop breathing' - 窒息-般-地 (sorry, not a very clear explanation. Just note that this is an adverb attached to 感到)

6) A little bit of sarcasm here I think. XX County is part of the 'Heavenly' Hangzhou - but the riches don't make it that far.

7) stand out, become prominent. (as an aside, I remember reading a short story where a woman described her body as '该凹的都凹，该凸的都凸 ' )

8 ) I agree, it is hard to understand. I can't think of a specific sense of 盖 that fits here

[skylee]

4 and 5 -> I believe it is a typo. Not 貧, but 貪. It is 貪官 and 貪贓.

5 -> 令人窒息般地 - in a suffocating manner; the second 地 should be 的, another typo.

7-> Take a look -> http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/cgi-bin/agrep-lindict?query=%bb%5c&category=wholerecord

for, oft. used as initial particle, introducing a generalization:

蓋聞 for I've heard it said that;

蓋天下萬物之萌生，靡不有死 for nothing lives which doesn't die;

stating an admission: 蓋有之矣 it is possible that such cases exist;

蓋難言也 it is difficult to say (I admit, I allow);

蓋因 it is because.

[roddy]

I checked my print edition, it is a typo. 贪官, 贪赃.

A man of great erudition and wisdom (and I only say that as he reads the forums) once told me that a very useful skill in reading Chinese was the ability to spot a typo, rather than spend an hour looking it up in various dictionaries. Guess I need to develop that skill.

Roddy

[fenlan]

Roddy and Skylee, thank you for your replies!

[ggonline]

版主和芬兰的中文水平还挺高。

不过，从他们的中文水平中也可以看出，中文远比英文难。

另外，关于"贫官"的印刷错误，作为一个中国人，我最初根本没有发觉，也就是说我直觉中已经把"贫官"认为是"贪官"了。 这的确是个有用的直觉。

这使我想起了一个小笑话。我相信外国人对此比较难理解，但中国人立刻就会明白。

这个笑话如下:

昨天在医院被割了皮包，女友骂我多此一举！

[fenlan]

ggonline, 你可不可以给我解释 《盖得益》是什么意思？全句子是：今日中国之巨大变化，盖得益于二十多年前那场举世瞩目的大变革。

[mao]

1.i agree with user of "roddy"

2.yeah.the word of"种收"can translate into "planting and harvesting "

3.your attitute is correct.it means “put up with it"

4that's a print false.the correct character is"贪官"。equal to "malfeasant"

5."窒息"means "out of breath"

6."富裕不到哪里去"means "not very rich."

7.凸现means "something appear clearly"

8"盖"is a modal word,no meaning.“得益于”equal to "profit from"

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[fenlan]

Thank you for your help.

[ggonline]

芬兰的中文很好，用不着写英文。其实象芬兰这样的水平，最好是用中文解释中文。

芬兰的中文水平还差一步就跨入母语的水平，就差一个"猜"字。

举个例子，比如"强忍"这个词，在词典里查不出来，那么你可以猜啊。

"强",就是"强迫"之类的意思，"忍"当然就是"忍受"的意思，

所以"强忍"就是"强迫(自己)忍受"的意思，如果翻译成"put up with",当然意思也对，但是程度不够。

说实话，我认为作者用的"盖"这个字，应该不属于现代汉语。

根据下面的字典解释，我觉得将"盖"当作语气助词也说得过去。

不过，将"盖"作为"因为，由于"来解释似乎更通顺些。

还有第三种意思，就是相当于“大约”、“大概”, 这需根据上下文的意思来推断用哪个比较合适。

"得益于",将之分开看你就明白了。"得"="获得"，"益"="利益" ， "于"=表示动作、行为的所从,意义相当于“从”或“自”

所以"得益于"的意思就是:从.......获得利益

多说一句，不知芬兰有没有用过"金山词霸"，这是一个词典软件，其英翻中的功能只能说是将就，但其中文词典相当不错。象你这种中文基础不错的人用起来应该比较顺手。

盖

蓋

gài

<连

因为,由于 [because]然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。——诸葛亮《出师表》

不赂者以赂者丧,盖失强援,不能独完。——宋·苏洵《六国论》

又如:盖缘(因为);盖因(因为);有所不知,盖未学也

发语词 [oh]

盖闻天地之数,有十二万九千六百岁为一元。——《西游记》

盖一岁之犯死者二焉;其余,则熙熙而乐。——唐·柳宗元《捕蛇者说》

盖儒者所争,尤在于名实,名实已明,而天下之理得矣。——宋·王安石《答司马谏议书》

盖

蓋

蓋

gài

<副>

表示推测,相当于“大约”、“大概” [about;probably]盖余所至,比好游者尚不能十一。——宋·王安石《游褒禅山记》

予以未时还家,而汝以辰时气绝。四支犹温,一目未瞑,盖犹忍死待予也。——清·袁枚《祭妹文》

却,则 [but]

凡百元首,承天景命,善始者实繁,克终者盖寡。——唐·魏征《谏太宗十思疏》

通“盍”(hé)

何 [why]

技盖至此乎?——《庄子·养生主》

何不 [why not]

我任我辇,我车我牛,我行既集,盖云归哉?——《诗·小雅·黍苗》

另见 gě

[fenlan]

ggonline, 我是英国一所大学中文系的毕业生，也在中国 （天津师大）曾经留过学一年 （１９９２－１９９３）。但是，我应该告诉你，我的汉语水平并没有像你说的那么高。很可惜，自从１９９５年毕业以来，我一直在英国， 没有很多的机会联系汉语，所以我的汉语渐渐地还给老师了。看中文报纸的时候，大概的意思我能明白，但是会看的汉字不多会写。这是我打算明年回到中国去留学，上班什么的的原因。你说我应该试一试猜出生词的意思， 是有道理，可是我宁愿查词典，以便确认生词的正式翻译。那个《强忍》，我应该知道是什么意思，但是因为《强》是一个多音字，我原来以为是qiang2而不是qiang3！"金山词霸" 我没听说，但是用法可能跟 ABCD词典／文林软件差不多。

[ggonline]

你倒不必谦虚，你的中文水平很不错啦。

在这个论坛里，作为一个外国人，你的中文水平应该是数一数二的。

芬兰，虽然我不敢说金山词霸是最好的词典软件，但我敢说它是中国人里面使用者最多的词典软件。其内容包括汉语大辞典及高级汉语辞典。网上到处都可以找到。约600兆大小。

当然，你也可以在中国买，换算成美金大约10元钱。