About the final -ong in Mandarin

[hqk945]

About the final -ong in Mandarin

In 2009,Huang Qikang （黄启康）pointed out:

1. Hollow things ，like a conch shell ,make a -ong sound when the wind blows over them or they are placed at the ear. So the ancients associated -ong with hollow → sound → speaking, such as 空（kong ,hollow）, 中（zhong ,middle）, 孔（kong ,hole）, 砰（peng≈pong,bang ), 诵（song,recite ）

2 Hollow things look like bigger and more. So -ong Is related with big and more. Such as hong (宏macro 洪flood鸿a big bird 弘enlarge ), feng(≈ fong . 丰 plentiful蜂bees 烽beacon-fire (used to give border alarm in ancient China)，all in large amount)

)

3 If there is a space between two objects, that means far，so -ong is associated whith far, such as 送（song ,deliver/see somebody off）,蹦（beng , leap ）烽 (feng ,beacon-fire: whith much smoke, used to send signals over long distances).

4. Hollow objects are softer than solid ones, so -ong is related to softness, such as 绒（rong ,fine hair ）, 茸（downy ）,松（song ,fluffy /Pine tree）

 

Details

Initials / hollow ，soft /Sound，Speak /big ，more ，far / irrelevant /notes 

                                

b /泵（from pump）/绷（ tighten the string (to make a sound)）嘣/蹦（farther than a step ）崩（ To be many fragments）迸/甭/beng =bong ，bone is hollow ，崩蹦迸 Are related From the sounds.

 

p /捧棚,蓬（松）/ 怦抨嘭砰碰烹/ 鹏膨澎/朋/烹嘭砰碰怦All from sounds.

 

d/ 洞/ 咚/ 栋（ of big house）/懂动东冻冬/冬冻 Are related.

 

t/桶筒通,（泡）桐瞳（ The center of eyes）/铜（锣， makes big noise ）童（ Speaks too much）/同通统（Everybody is the same）/痛捅/none 

 

g/弓（ With soft rope）/none /宫拱（The animal arches to look bigger to scare off the enemy）共公蚣（ With many legs）/贡工功恭攻躬供/ 宫贡恭供 show Respectness，like 通统公共show Many people。

 

k/ 空孔 /none / 控（ Operate in a distance）/恐/none 

 

h/ none / 哄轰 /宏洪鸿虹弘烘/红/ 宏洪鸿虹弘 all related to big.

 

j/ none / none /迥（迥异， Big differences ）/囧炯炅窘/囧炯炅All means bright.

 

q/穷（ Empty cave indicates poverty, 穴，cave ）/none / 穹/ 琼/ none 

 

x/ 胸（with hollow lungs ）/凶（curse→fierce ）/ 雄 兄熊（No matter of the animal or of the fire, the big one is called 熊）匈(胸(Big muscles））汹/ none /none 

 

z/ none / none / 总宗（remote ancestor）综鬃踪/纵棕粽/none 

 

zh /中钟盅衷 /none / 重（Heavy）众肿/ 种忠塚（同冢）终踵/总综众 Are related.

 

c/ 葱囱/ 淙（ Sound of water）聪（聪for ears 明for eyes ,耳聪目明） /丛从（to follow ）/ 匆 /none 

 

ch/充（Fill the vacancy）/ none / 崇 冲（With much water）宠（with Much love）重（Repeat , For times）/舂虫/none 

 

s/ 松 / 颂诵讼/ 送耸/ 宋悚怂/ none 

 

sheng ,shong ，all Invalid syllables， So strange.

 

f/风缝（ Verb and noun ）封锋（sharp ,whith which easy to cut and poke out cracks缝儿 and holes洞）/疯（talk foolishly）讽，phone /丰烽峰凤（ Big bird）/枫逢冯俸奉/feng =fong ，奉俸供贡Are related to respectness 

 

n/ none / 哝/ 浓（much thing in liquid）脓（ More liquid in meat）/农弄侬弄/none 

l/ 笼窿/ 聋/龙( Like a big snake)拢（Many a little make a mickle）隆（隆重隆起）/陇垄/ none  

 

m/梦/none /萌（ Sprout and grow up）猛（For big animals） 盟（For many people） /蒙孟懵虻朦濛曚/meng =mong =moon ,The moon is too dark to see clearly with , and the initials and the finals are nasal sounds，not clear, 梦蒙懵朦 曚濛all have this meaning. 

 

r/容（contain ）溶（contains in liquid）绒茸/none /冗荣榕蓉（蒜蓉，Minced garlic）/戎融/none 

 

w/ none / 嗡/翁（for age ）瓮（for size ）/none /weng =wong 

 

y/庸（ Not bad or good ,in the middle）甬（The passage between the two walls, or the large container, is equal to 10 buckets斗）蛹（intermediate state between larva and moth）拥（to put between 2 arms）佣（A person between his master and the master's chores ）/咏/永（ for Long time）勇（for Much courage）涌（ For much water ）臃（肿，With the same finals and meaning ）踊（for Emotion）恿（怂恿，Make the timid to the bold）泳（Swim only in much water）痈（carbuncle， more than the normal skin）/用俑/none 

(Huang Qikang （黄启康）'s email :huanqikan@outlook.com )

[hoshi]

https://www.douyin.com/video/7239642409536064780 this is a example of pronunciation represents actual feeling.