What is ￥ ?

[Mugi]

liuzhou, see also the bottom paragraph, pg 20, of Jerry Norman's "Chinese", and the table and first paragraph of the following page.

[liuzhou]

Thank you. Unfortunately the Amazon link is not accessible

You have requested a page that is not available for viewing. In order to view this page, you must be signed-in to an Amazon.com account that has made a purchase in the past.

I'll just have to buy something!

[Mugi]

Thank you. Unfortunately the Amazon link is not accessible

Sorry about that. I'll try and type up the two relevant paragraphs later today/this evening.

[HashiriKata]

I didn't seem to have any problems with accessing the page. Anyway, here are some examples given by J Norman as borrowings from Japanese: 革命，文化，社会，科学，系统。

Regardless of evidence or not, I don't think it's a great deal to borrow something from (or be borrowed by) another country. It's only natural that stronger powers give influences to weaker powers, and only idiots would think that this kind of power is permanent or inherent in any nation or race.

[roddy]

I don't think it's even a matter of power - the English language absorbed vocabulary from places it colonized, despite being the more powerful. If a word to describe something isn't available, one will be found somewhere.

[Mugi]

Here are the relevant two paragraphs I mentioned, less the table which HashiriKata has already essentially provided.

[pg 20, bottom]

"I general Modern Chinese, in sharp contrast to Japanese, is very resistant to borrowing foreign terms outright. Most modern terms are purely native creations or calques: television becomes diànshì ('electric vision'), laser is jīguāng ('intense light'), the communist party is called gòngchǎndǎng ('common property party'), etc. Tiělù ('iron road') 'railroad' is an example of a calque based on French chemin de fer. In the early modern period (the end of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century) many new terms referring to modern technology and Western political and economic concepts were first coined in Japan and then adopted in China. The Japanese employed Chinese characters, reading them in their own system of pronunciation which had been borrowed from China a millennium before (Wang 1957, 528ff). When the Chinese took over these new terms they simply pronounced them in Chinese. Examples of such terms adopted from Japanese in this way are the following:"

[table omitted - see HashiriKata's post above]

[pg 21, top]

"Although some of these compound terms already existed in early Chinese texts, the Japanese appropriated them to translate new Western concepts; such is the case with the first three terms given above. Others were new creations based on borrowed Chinese morphemes in Japanese; the last two examples are of this type. The latter type of coinage is analogous to new terminology in English created on the basis of Greek and Latin morphemes. Since the Second World War, Chinese and Japanese have more and more gone their own ways. The Japanese increasingly tend to borrow foreign words outright, while the Chinese have begun to create new terms independent of Japanese influence."